Proteins produced and secreted by the liver
Open-knowledge reference entry
The liver plays the major role in producing proteins that are secreted into the blood, including major plasma proteins, factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis, carrier proteins, hormones, prohormones and apolipoprotein:
Major plasma proteins
All plasma proteins except Gamma-globulins are synthesised in the liver.
Human serum albumin, osmolyte and carrier protein
α-fetoprotein, the fetal counterpart of serum albumin
Soluble plasma fibronectin, forming a blood clot that stops bleeding
C-reactive protein, opsonin on microbes, acute phase protein
Various other globulins
Factors in hemostasis and fibrinolysis
Stimulators of coagulation:
All factors in the coagulation cascade.
While the endothelium does produce some factor VIII, the majority of factor VIII is produced in the liver.
Inhibitors of coagulation: Inactivate an enormous variety of proteinases
α2-macroglobulin
α1-antitrypsin
Antithrombin III
Protein S
Protein C
Fibrinolysis: Breakdown of fibrin clots
Plasminogen
Inhibitors of fibrinolysis
α2-antiplasmin
Complement components C1-9, complement component 3 (C3)
Carrier proteins
Albumin, carries thyroid hormones and other hormones, particularly fat soluble ones, fatty acids to the liver, unconjugated bilirubin, many drugs and Ca2+
Ceruloplasmin, carries copper
Transcortin, carries cortisol, aldosterone and progesterone
Haptoglobin, carries free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes
Hemopexin, carries free heme released from hemoglobin
IGF binding protein, carries insulin-like growth factor 1
Major urinary proteins, carries pheromones in rodents
Retinol binding protein, carries retinol
Sex hormone-binding globulin, carries sex hormones, specifically testosterone and estradiol
Thyroxine-binding globulin, carries the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3)
Transthyretin, carries the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4)
Transferrin, carries iron ions in the ferric form (Fe3+)
Vitamin D-binding protein, carries vitamin D
Hormones
FGF21, a protein hormone that induces mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and ketogenesis in response to fasting.
Hepcidin, a peptide hormone that regulates iron homeostasis.
Insulin-like growth factor 1, a polypeptide protein hormone which plays an important role in childhood growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adults
Thrombopoietin, a glycoprotein hormone that regulates the production of platelets by the bone marrow
Prohormones
Angiotensinogen, when converted to angiotensin causes vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone, in effect increasing blood pressure
Apolipoproteins
Almost all apolipoprotein, except apo B48 (produced by intestine)
References
General reference for the list of included substances (but not their functions):
Table 45–4 in: Walter F., PhD. Boron (2003). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. p. 1300.
“Proteins produced and secreted by the liver” enters the record as open-knowledge reference entry. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Proteins, produced and secreted can confirm, complicate or overturn.
Why this record matters
“Proteins produced and secreted by the liver” is worth following because a concise public description often conceals a longer documentary argument. Here, Proteins, produced and secreted provides the most credible route into that argument.
Vocabulary and entity names are the principal evidence signals here, because they determine the precision of every later search. The source revision retrieved here is dated Jan 8, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q7251516. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 2003 and 1300.
The absence of detail may reflect summary conventions rather than a lack of surviving documentation. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
Use the entry as an orientation point, then follow its citations and revision history. Names, dates and institutional relationships should be checked against the original record.
- Subject orientation
- Search vocabulary
- Locating named sources
The closest primary source, responsible institution and strongest cited specialist reference.
Three-step research path
- Establish the record: confirm the title “Proteins produced and secreted by the liver”, its source revision and the description used here.
- Expand the search: follow Proteins produced and secreted by the liver primary sources, Proteins produced and secreted by the liver archive and Proteins research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
- Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.
Questions for further research
- Which source most directly establishes the central claim about “Proteins produced and secreted by the liver”?
- What terminology or title could unlock a more precise catalogue search?
- Which institution is responsible for the underlying evidence?
Search terms from this dossier
This entry incorporates text from “Proteins produced and secreted by the liver” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.