Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars
French noble (1620-1642)
Henri Coiffier de Ruzé d'Effiat, Marquis of Cinq-Mars (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁi kwafje də ʁyze]; 27 March 1620 – 12 September 1642) was a favourite of King Louis XIII and the Grand Squire of France from 1639 to 1642. He led the last and most nearly successful of many conspiracies against Cardinal Richelieu, the king's powerful first minister.
Life
Cinq-Mars was the son of Marshal Antoine Coiffier de Ruzé, marquis d'Effiat (1581–1632), a close friend of Cardinal Richelieu, who took the boy under his protection on his father's death in 1632.
Cinq-Mars was the second youngest of five children and three sons. His older brother was Martin de Ruzé, Marquis d'Effiat (1612–1644), and his younger brother was Jean Ruzé d'Effiat (1622–1698). He was the uncle of the last marquis of Effiat.
Career
As the son of the marquis d'Effiat, a famous Superintendent of Finances who was also a good friend of Richelieu's, Cinq-Mars came to court very early.
In the 1630s, he commanded a company of Louis XIII's guards and, on 27 March 1638, he was granted the charter of Grand Master of the King's Wardrobe. In 1639, he was raised to Grand Squire of France, and was therefore entitled to be called Monsieur le Grand. After the exile of the royal favourite Marie de Hautefort, he gained great influence over the king and quickly established himself as a royal favourite.
“Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars” enters the record as french noble (1620-1642). Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Henri, Coiffier and Ruzé can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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Named sources, stable identifiers and responsible institutions provide the strongest route from overview to verifiable evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Jul 16, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q713231. VIAF identifies the subject as 57424682. The Library of Congress control number is n50054513. 3 of 3 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1620, 1642, 1639 and 1581.
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This entry incorporates text from “Henri Coiffier de Ruzé, Marquis of Cinq-Mars” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.