West Virginia

West Virginia is a mountainous, landlocked state in the Southern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered by Pennsylvania and Maryland to the northeast, Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, and Ohio to the northwest. West Virginia is the 10th-smallest state by area and ranks as the 12th-least populous state, with 1,778,373 residents. The capital and most populous city is Charleston, with 49,055 residents.

West Virginia is dominated by mountainous terrain, shaped by the Allegheny and Cumberland ranges and cut by the Ohio, Kanawha, and Potomac river valleys. This geography isolated the region from the rest of Virginia. When Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861, some of its western counties refused to follow while others supported it; the resulting split led to West Virginia's admission into the Union on June 20, 1863, as a slave state and a key border state during the American Civil War. It was one of two states admitted during the war, along with Nevada, and the only state formed by separating from a Confederate state. Railroad expansion later opened the state's southern and northern coalfields to large-scale development, and by the early 20th century West Virginia had become one of the nation's leading coal producers.

West Virginia's northern panhandle sits between Pennsylvania and Ohio, forming a tri-state area; Wheeling, Weirton, and Morgantown lie just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.