Gertruda Biernat
Polish palaeontologist

Gertruda Józefa Biernat (March 17, 1923 – March 1, 2016) was a Polish geologist and paleontologist. During World War II, she joined the Polish resistance, participating in the Warsaw Uprising. She is noted for her work in identifying and studying brachiopods of the Ordovician period of the Paleozoic Era, and several have been named in her honor. Biernat worked at institutions of the Polish Academy of Sciences, published major works on brachiopods, participating in paleontological expeditions internationally, including leading a series of expeditions in the Arctic.
Early life and education
Biernat was born Gertruda Skonieczna in Opole Lubelskie, in eastern Poland on March 17, 1923. She grew up in Starogard Gdański, northern Poland.
After the war, she studied geology at the University of Poznań, gaining a masters of science in 1950.
Scientific career
Biernat worked at the University of Poznań after graduating, and then at the Museum of the Earth of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 1953, she was invited to join the new Institute of Paleobiology, a research institution established as a branch of the Academy in recognition of the work of its first director, Roman Kozłowski. She remained there until her retirement in 1998.
This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Gertruda Biernat” as polish palaeontologist. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.
Why this record matters
The subject matters to the general reference register because the source frames it as polish palaeontologist. Its deeper value depends on whether names, dates, institutions and citations support that framing.
Named sources, stable identifiers and responsible institutions provide the strongest route from overview to verifiable evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 30, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q23071577. VIAF identifies the subject as 67819852. The Library of Congress control number is n82137146. 1 of 3 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 1923, 2016, 1950 and 1953.
The absence of detail may reflect summary conventions rather than a lack of surviving documentation. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
Use the entry as an orientation point, then follow its citations and revision history. Names, dates and institutional relationships should be checked against the original record.
- Subject orientation
- Search vocabulary
- Locating named sources
The closest primary source, responsible institution and strongest cited specialist reference.
Three-step research path
- Establish the record: confirm the title “Gertruda Biernat”, its source revision and the description used here.
- Expand the search: follow Gertruda Biernat primary sources, Gertruda Biernat archive and Gertruda research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
- Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.
Questions for further research
- Which source most directly establishes the central claim about “Gertruda Biernat”?
- What terminology or title could unlock a more precise catalogue search?
- Which cited source is closest to the event, object or claim?
Search terms from this dossier
This entry incorporates text from “Gertruda Biernat” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.