Germany–Turkey relations
relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Turkey
Germany–Turkey relations (German: Deutsch-türkische Beziehungen; Turkish: Almanya-Türkiye ilişkileri) have their beginnings in the times of the Ottoman Empire and they have culminated in the development of strong bonds with many facets that include economic, military, cultural and social relations. With Turkey as a candidate for the European Union, of which Germany is the largest member, and the existence of a significant Turkish diaspora in Germany, these relations have become more and more intertwined over the decades. Relations with Turkey significantly deteriorated after the 2016–17 Turkish purges including the arrest of journalists such as Die Welt's Deniz Yücel.
Both countries are members of the Council of Europe and NATO. Germany opposes Turkey's European Union membership. Germany has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul, and Turkey has an embassy in Berlin.
History
Medieval and Early Modern periods
Wars between the Holy Roman Empire and Sultanate of Rum
Crusade of 1101 (1101)
Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
Battle of Philomelion (1190)
Battle of Iconium (1190)
Wars between the Holy Roman Empire and Ottoman Empire
Battle of Nicopolis (1396)
Battle of Mohács (1526)
First Turkish Siege of Vienna (1529)
Little War in Hungary (1530–1552)
Italian War of 1536–38
Siege of Buda (1541)
Italian War of 1542–46
Siege of Esztergom (1543)
Siege of Nice (1543)
Italian War of 1551–59
Long Turkish War (1591–1606)
Turkish Siege of Érsekújvár (1663)
Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)
Great Turkish War (1683–1699)
Second Turkish Siege of Vienna (1683)
Battle of Párkány (1683)
First Holy League Siege of Buda (1684)
Holy League Siege of Érsekújvár (1685)
Second Holy League Siege of Buda (1686)
Siege of Pécs (1686)
Second Battle of Mohács (1687)
Holy League Siege of Belgrade (1688)
Turkish Siege of Belgrade (1690)
Battle of Slankamen (1691)
Battle of Lugos (1695)
Battle of Ulaş (1696)
Battle of Zenta (1697)
Late 19th century and World War I
Baghdad Railway
Ottoman–German Alliance
Pursuit of Goeben and Breslau
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Germany and the Armenian genocide
In the late 19th century, the Ottoman Empire suffered defeats in the Russo-Turkish and Greek-Ottoman Wars, and sought to reform their military. Many army officers ended up training in Germany. The Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Abdulhamid II (1876–1909), asked the Prussians for military support, and the GMC (German Military Commission) was established in 1882, and operated until the end of WW1.
The Ottoman Empire wanted an alliance with Germany because Germany was one of the few powers in Europe that did not seek Turkish territory, unlike Russia and Britain. Otto Von Bismarck visited the Ottoman Empire and declared himself a "friend of Muslims", and it was the German government's position that Turkey could be used to incite revolt in India, and could "tie up" the British army and navy.
Begin with the source’s own compact description: “Germany–Turkey relations” is relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Turkey. The dossier treats that line as a proposition to test through Germany, Turkey and relations, not as a finished interpretation.
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