GRID2
protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2, also known as GluD2, GluRδ2, or δ2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRID2 gene. This protein together with GluD1 belongs to the delta receptor subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors. They possess 14–24% sequence homology with AMPA, kainate, and NMDA subunits, but, despite their name, have been found not to directly promote neuronal activation in response to glutamate or various other glutamate agonists.
delta iGluRs have long been considered orphan receptors as their endogenous ligand was unknown. They are now believed to bind glycine and D-serine but these do not result in channel opening.
Function
GluD2-containing receptors are selectively/predominantly expressed in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum where they play a key role in synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and motor coordination.
GluD2 induces synaptogenesis through interaction of its N-terminal domain with Cbln1, which in turn interacts with presynaptic neurexins, forming a bridge across cerebellar synapses.
The main functions of GluD2 in synaptic plasticity are carried out by its intracellular C-terminus. This is regulated by D-serine, which binds to the ligand-binding domain and results in changes in the structure of GluD2 without opening the channel in the absence of pre-synaptic connections. Glycine and D-serine can open the channel in GluD2 when bound to cerebellin-1 and neurexin-1β.
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This entry incorporates text from “GRID2” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.