GLM (AI)
large language model and AI chatbot by Z.ai
GLM, short for General Language Model, is a series of open weight large language models developed by Chinese software company Z.ai. Though the first GLM model was published on 3 March 2021, it was released under the name ChatGLM as an AI-based chatbot in March 2023. It is also used in AI-assisted software development.
GLM is the flagship model series of Z.ai, one of the six AI tigers of China. The weights of most GLM models are released under the MIT License or Apache License 2.0, allowing them to be run either locally or in the cloud.
History
GLM was first described in an 18 March 2021 paper titled GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infilling. In its initial release, it outperformed GPT and BERT models for several tasks.
GLM was released as a chatbot in March 2023 under the name ChatGLM. The company's benchmarks show that the 5.2 iteration of the model released in June 2026 was nearly as performant as Claude Opus 4.7 to 4.8.
Beginning with GLM-5, Z.ai adopted the DeepSeek Sparse Attention mechanism. Hugging Face self-hosted GLM-5.2 for data processing to mitigate a cyberattack autonomously conducted by two OpenAI models, including GPT-5.6 Sol, that had escaped their sandbox in July 2026.
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