TNFRSF18
protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 (TNFRSF18), also known as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) or CD357. GITR is encoded and tnfrsf18 gene at chromosome 4 in mice. GITR is type I transmembrane protein and is described in 4 different isoforms. GITR human orthologue, also called activation-inducible TNFR family receptor (AITR), is encoded by the TNFRSF18 gene at chromosome 1.
Tissue distribution
GITR is constitutively expressed on CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells and its expression is upregulated on all T cell subsets after activation. GITR is also expressed on murine neutrophils and NK cells.
Structure
GITR is a member of TNFR superfamily and shares high homology in cytoplasmic domain, characterized with cysteine pseudo-repeats, with other members of TNFRSF, such as CD137, OX40 or CD27.
Function
GITR interacts with its ligand (GITRL) that is expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC) and endothelial cells.
AITR
Human activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (AITR) and its ligand, AITRL, are important costimulatory molecules in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Despite the importance of these costimulatory molecules in autoimmune disease, their role in the autoimmune reaction to herniated disc fragments has yet to be explored.
Begin with the source’s own compact description: “TNFRSF18” is protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens. The dossier treats that line as a proposition to test through TNFRSF18, protein-coding and gene, not as a finished interpretation.
Why this record matters
The phrase “protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens” supplies a clear boundary for inquiry. It also exposes the unanswered questions: who defined that boundary, when it became stable and which sources sit outside it.
Stable identifiers, scientific names and standards terminology offer the best bridge between this overview and specialist evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Oct 21, 2025. The linked authority identifier is Q18033362. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference.
Current terminology should not be projected backward without checking the classification used when the underlying evidence was created. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
Check terminology, classification and the date of the cited evidence. Scientific names and technical consensus can change while older records retain historical value.
- Current terminology
- Classification context
- Finding cited technical literature
Primary datasets, specimen catalogues, standards bodies and the most recent peer-reviewed literature.
Three-step research path
- Establish the record: confirm the title “TNFRSF18”, its source revision and the description used here.
- Expand the search: follow TNFRSF18 primary sources, TNFRSF18 archive and TNFRSF18 research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
- Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.
Questions for further research
- Which source most directly establishes the central claim about “TNFRSF18”?
- Is the terminology current, historical or disputed?
- Which observation, specimen, dataset or publication supports the account?
Search terms from this dossier
This entry incorporates text from “TNFRSF18” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.