GDF15
protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Growth/differentiation factor 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF15 gene. GDF15 was first identified as Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1).
It is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily. Under normal conditions, GDF15 is expressed in low concentrations in most organs and is upregulated because of injury to organs such as the liver, kidney, heart and lung. Its chemical formula is:C1076H1710O316N324S24.
In one study among Scottish males, median (97.5th percentile), GDF-15 concentration at age <30 years was 537 (1,135) pg/mL, rising to 931 (2,492) pg/mL at 50–59 years, and 2,152 (5,972) pg/mL at ≥80 years. In Scottish females, median GDF-15 at age <30 years was 628 (2,195) pg/mL, 881 (2,323) pg/mL at 50–59 years, and 1847 (6,830) pg/mL at ≥80 years. Among those known to be pregnant, median GDF-15 was 19,311 pg/mL.
Function
The precise biological role of GDF15 remains to be fully elucidated, but it is recognized as a key modulator of inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, it regulates fundamental cellular processes including apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell repair, and growth, which are crucial in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases.
Clinical significance
GDF15 has shown to be a strong prognostic protein in patients with different diseases such as heart diseases and cancer.
“GDF15” enters the record as protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what GDF15, protein-coding and gene can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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Datasets, specimens, observations and peer-reviewed methods provide the appropriate test for the technical claims summarized here. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 24, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q14912150. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 1847.
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This entry incorporates text from “GDF15” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.