Electronic signature
advanced electronic signature based on a qualified certificate and created by a qualified signature creation device, having the same legal value as a handwritten signature, defined in EU Regulation 910/2014 (eIDAS)
An electronic signature, or e-signature, is data that is logically associated with other data and which is used by the signatory to sign the associated data. This type of signature has the same legal standing as a handwritten signature as long as it adheres to the requirements of the specific regulation under which it was created (e.g., eIDAS in the European Union, NIST-DSS in the USA or ZertES in Switzerland).
Electronic signatures are a legal concept distinct from digital signatures, a cryptographic mechanism often used to implement electronic signatures. While an electronic signature can be as simple as a name entered in an electronic document, digital signatures are increasingly used in e-commerce and in regulatory filings to implement electronic signatures in a cryptographically protected way. Standardization agencies like NIST or ETSI provide standards for their implementation (e.g., NIST-DSS, XAdES or PAdES). The concept itself is not new, with common law jurisdictions having recognized telegraph signatures as far back as the mid-19th century and faxed signatures since the 1980s.
Description
The USA's E-Sign Act, signed June 30, 2000 by President Clinton was described months later as "more like a seal than a signature."
An electronic signature is intended to provide a secure and accurate identification method for the signatory during a transaction.
Definitions of electronic signatures vary depending on the applicable jurisdiction. A common denominator in most countries is the level of an advanced electronic signature requiring that:
The signatory can be uniquely identified and linked to the signature
The signatory must have sole control of the private key that was used to create the electronic signature
The signature must be capable of identifying if its accompanying data has been tampered with after the message was signed
In the event that the accompanying data has been changed, the signature must be invalidated
Electronic signatures may be created with increasing levels of security, with each having its own set of requirements and means of creation on various levels that prove the validity of the signature. To provide an even stronger probative value than the above described advanced electronic signature, some countries like member states of the European Union or Switzerland introduced the qualified electronic signature.
The public source identifies “Electronic signature” as advanced electronic signature based on a qualified certificate and created by a qualified signature creation device, having the same legal value as a handwritten signature, defined in EU Regulation 910/2014 (eIDAS). This brief keeps that definition visible, then builds a research path around Electronic, signature and advanced.
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Vocabulary and entity names are the principal evidence signals here, because they determine the precision of every later search. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 17, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q869548. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference. The first chronological checks are 2000.
The absence of detail may reflect summary conventions rather than a lack of surviving documentation. The source lead contains qualifying language; that uncertainty should survive quotation, summary and reuse. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
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This entry incorporates text from “Electronic signature” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.