Equivalence point
point of equal equivalents of titrant and analyte in the mixture.
The equivalence point, or stoichiometric point, of a chemical reaction is the point at which chemically equivalent quantities of reactants have been mixed. For an acid-base reaction, the equivalence point is where the moles of acid and the moles of base would neutralize each other according to the chemical reaction. This does not necessarily imply a 1:1 molar ratio of acid:base, merely that the ratio is the same as the ratio in the chemical reaction. It can be found by means of an indicator, such as phenolphthalein or methyl orange.
The endpoint refers to the point at which the indicator changes color in a colorimetric titration. The endpoint is related to the equivalence point, but they will not necessarily be the same.
Methods to determine the equivalence point
Different methods to determine the equivalence point include:
pH indicator
A pH indicator is a substance that changes color in response to a chemical change. An acid-base indicator, such as phenolphthalein, changes color depending on the pH. Redox indicators are also frequently used. A drop of indicator solution is added to the titration at the start; when the color changes, the endpoint has been reached. This is an approximation of the equivalence point.
The public source identifies “Equivalence point” as point of equal equivalents of titrant and analyte in the mixture. This brief keeps that definition visible, then builds a research path around Equivalence, point and equal.
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This entry incorporates text from “Equivalence point” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.