Embryo quality
estimation of embryo quality for in vitro fertilization
Embryo quality is the ability of an embryo to perform successfully in terms of conferring a high pregnancy rate and/or resulting in a healthy person. Embryo profiling is the estimation of embryo quality by qualification and/or quantification of various parameters. Estimations of embryo quality guides the choice in embryo selection in in vitro fertilization.
In general, embryo profiling for prediction of pregnancy rates focuses mainly on visual profiles and short-term biomarkers including expression of RNA and proteins, preferably in the surroundings of embryos to avoid any damage to them. On the other hand, embryo profiling for health prediction puts more focus on the genome, and where there is a risk of a genetic disorder it more often involves cell sampling from the embryo for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Prediction of pregnancy rates
Microscopy
Embryo quality is mainly evaluated by microscopy at certain time points using a morphological scoring system. This has shown to significantly improve pregnancy rates. Assessment of morphological features as a reliable non-invasive method that provides valuable information in prediction of IVF/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome has been frequently used as a scoring system of the embryo quality. The parameters for evaluation at day 2-3:
Number of cells and division rhythm: The optimal number of cells is 4 at day 2 and 8 at day 3 (A quality). In day 3 9-10 cells is B, >=10 is C (suboptimal) and <=4 is D (barely implant).
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