Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase
class of enzymes
The coenzyme Q : cytochrome c – oxidoreductase, sometimes called the cytochrome bc1 complex, and at other times complex III, is the third complex in the electron transport chain (EC 1.10.2.2), playing a critical role in biochemical generation of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation). Complex III is a multisubunit transmembrane protein encoded by both the mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and the nuclear genomes (all other subunits). Complex III is present in the mitochondria of all animals and all aerobic eukaryotes and the inner membranes of most bacteria. Mutations in Complex III cause exercise intolerance as well as multisystem disorders. The bc1 complex contains 11 subunits: 3 respiratory subunits (cytochrome b, cytochrome c1, Rieske protein), 2 core proteins, and 6 low-molecular-weight proteins.
Ubiquinol—cytochrome-c reductase catalyzes the chemical reaction
QH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c
⇌
{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
Q + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are quinol (QH2) and ferri- (Fe3+) cytochrome c, whereas its 3 products are quinone (Q), ferro- (Fe2+) cytochrome c, and H+.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on diphenols and related substances as donor with a cytochrome as acceptor. This enzyme participates in oxidative phosphorylation. It has four cofactors: cytochrome c1, cytochrome b-562, cytochrome b-566, and a 2-Iron ferredoxin of the Rieske type.
Nomenclature
The systematic name of this enzyme class is ubiquinol:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase.
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