Politics of Egypt
political system of Egypt
The politics of Egypt take place within the framework of a republican semi-presidential system of government.
It have been shaped by the presidency of Abdel Fattah el-Sisi since he assumed office in 2014. Some scholars, media outlets, and human rights organizations have described Egypt's political system under el-Sisi as authoritarian, citing restrictions on political freedoms, civil liberties, and opposition activity. With the exception of the 2012 Egyptian presidential election after the Egyptian Revolution, elections in Egypt have been subject to criticism from some observers and organizations regarding electoral competitiveness and political conditions.
Under el-Sisi, political freedoms and opposition activity have been the subject of criticism by human rights groups and other observers, who have reported restrictions on political participation and dissent. Formally, the current political system was established following the 2013 Egyptian military coup d'état, and the assumption of office by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi. In the current system, the president is elected for a six-year term. Following the 2020 elections to the new Senate, the legislature became bicameral.
Executive branch
Presidency
The position was created after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, with Mohammed Naguib serving as the first to hold office. Before 2005, Parliament chose a candidate for the presidency and people voted in a referendum to approve or reject the proposed candidate.
This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Politics of Egypt” as political system of Egypt. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.
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The citation trail is more important than the brevity of the summary: it shows where individual claims can be examined in context. The source revision retrieved here is dated Sep 24, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q1154628. The Library of Congress control number is sh85041317. 1 of 1 selected statements include explicit references; 0 carry qualifiers and 0 use preferred rank. The first chronological checks are 2014, 2012, 2013 and 2020.
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This entry incorporates text from “Politics of Egypt” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.