Estrone sulfotransferase
class of enzymes
Estrone sulfotransferase (EST) (EC 2.8.2.4), also known as estrogen sulfotransferase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of an unconjugated estrogen like estrone into a sulfated estrogen like estrone sulfate. It is a steroid sulfotransferase and belongs to the family of transferases, to be specific, the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur-containing groups. This enzyme participates in androgen and estrogen metabolism and sulfur metabolism.
Steroid sulfatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reverse reaction, the transfer of a sulfate to an unconjugated estrogen.
Reaction
Estrone sulfotransferase is an enzyme characterised from bovine adrenal glands that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
This converts estrone to estrone sulfate by transferring a sulfate group from the cofactor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and giving adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate as a byproduct. The enzyme also catalyzes the same reaction for estradiol, with estradiol sulfate as the product.
Types
Two isoforms have been identified that are thought to represent estrone sulfotransferase (EST) in humans:
SULT1A1 (catalyzes the reactions estradiol to estradiol sulfate and, to a lesser extent than SULT1E1, estrone to estrone sulfate)
SULT1E1 (catalyzes the reactions estrone to estrone sulfate and estradiol to estradiol sulfate)
Structure
As of late 2007, 5 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes PDB: 1AQU, PDB: 1AQY, PDB: 1BO6, PDB: 1G3M, and PDB: 1HY3.
Names
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3'-phosphoadenylyl-sulfate:estrone 3-sulfotransferase. Other names in common use include 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate-estrone 3-sulfotransferase, estrogen sulfotransferase, estrogen sulphotransferase, oestrogen sulphotransferase, and 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate:oestrone sulfotransferase.
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