Diglyceride acyltransferase
class of enzymes
Diglyceride acyltransferase (or O-acyltransferase), DGAT, catalyzes the formation of triglycerides (triacylglycerols) from diacylglycerol and acyl-CoA. The reaction catalyzed by DGAT is considered the terminal and only committed step in the acyl-CoA-dependent triglyceride synthesis, universally important in animal, plants, and microorganisms. The conversion is essential for intestinal absorption (i.e. DGAT1) and adipose tissue formation (i.e. DGAT2) in mammalian. DGAT1 are homologous to other membrane-bound O-acyltransferases, but not all other DGATs.
Isoforms
Two important DGAT isozymes are encoded by the genes DGAT1 and DGAT2. Although both isozymes catalyze similar reactions, they share no sequence homology, which is similar to other DGATs reported in various organisms. The location of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in other organisms, as well as other DGATs have been reported in various literatures.
DGAT1 is mainly located in absorptive enterocyte cells that line the intestine and duodenum where it reassembles triglycerides that were decomposed through lipolysis in the process of intestinal absorption. DGAT1 reconstitutes triglycerides in a committed step after which they are packaged together with cholesterol and proteins to form chylomicrons.
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