Desmocollin
subfamily of proteins
Desmocollins are a subfamily of desmosomal cadherins, the transmembrane constituents of desmosomes. They are co-expressed with desmogleins to link adjacent cells by extracellular adhesion. There are seven desmosomal cadherins in humans, three desmocollins and four desmogleins. Desmosomal cadherins allow desmosomes to contribute to the integrity of tissue structure in multicellular living organisms.
Structure
Three isoforms of desmocollin proteins have been identified.
Desmocollin-1, coded by the DSC1 gene
Desmocollin-2, coded by the DSC2 gene
Desmocollin-3, coded by the DSC3 gene
Each desmocollin gene encodes a pair of proteins: a longer 'a' form and a shorter 'b' form. The 'a' and 'b' forms differ in the length of their C-terminus tails. The protein pair is generated by alternative splicing.
Desmocollin has four cadherin-like extracellular domains, an extracellular anchor domain, and an intracellular anchor domain. Additionally, the 'a' form has an intracellular cadherin-like sequence domain, which provides binding sites for other desmosomal proteins such as plakoglobin.
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