DeepStack
computer program for poker
DeepStack is an artificial intelligence computer program designed to play two-player poker, specifically heads up no-limit Texas hold 'em. It is the first computer program to outplay human professionals in this game.
Background
Poker is a key benchmark game in academic community and substantial amount of research was done to find optimal strategies against worst case adversaries.
While human professionals have been outplayed in large perfect information games, such as Chess, decades before, imperfect information games require much more complex recursive reasoning.
Prior popular approaches relied mainly on simplification of the game by using abstractions. However, abstractions in imperfect-information games often result in highly-exploitable strategies.
Instead, DeepStack uses several algorithmic innovations, such as the use of neural networks and continual resolving.
The program was developed by an international team from Charles University, Czech Technical University and University of Alberta.
Algorithm
At the core of the program is the use of neural networks for determining the value of specific card combinations.
The networks are trained only on a small number of games states and are used to generalize to situations not seen during training.
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This entry incorporates text from “DeepStack” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.