Damat Ferid Pasha
Ottoman Grand Vizier (1853-1923)
"Damat" Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: محمد عادل فريد پاشا Turkish: Damat Ferit Paşa; 1853 – 6 October 1923), known simply as Damat Ferid Pasha, was an Ottoman liberal statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier, the de facto prime minister of the Ottoman Empire, during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920. He was the Sultan's imperial brother-in-law (damat) through his marriage to his sister, Mediha Sultan. Officially, he was brought to the office a total of five times, since his cabinets were recurrently dismissed under various pressures and he had to present new ones. Because of his involvement in the Treaty of Sèvres, his collaboration with the occupying Allied powers, and his readiness to acknowledge atrocities against the Armenians, he was declared a traitor and subsequently a persona non grata in Turkey. He emigrated to Europe at the end of the Turkish War of Independence.
Early life and career
Some claim that Mehmed Adil Ferid was born in 1853 in Constantinople as the son of Hasan İzzet Efendi, who was born in Potoci near Taşlıca (now Pljevlja, Montenegro). He was a member of the Council of State and Governor of Beirut and Sidon in 1857.
In 1879, Ferid was enrolled at the Schools of Islamic Charities in Sidon. He served several positions in Ottoman administration before he entered the foreign office of the Ottoman Empire and was assigned to different posts at embassies in Paris, Berlin, St. Petersburg, and London.
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