Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
EU system for commitment compliance
The Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification (CVM) was a safeguard measure invoked by the European Commission when a new member or acceding state of the European Union failed to implement commitments undertaken in the context of the accession negotiations in the fields of the Area of freedom, security and justice or internal market policy. The Commission formally closed the mechanism for Bulgaria and Romania on 15 September 2023. Rule-of-law developments in both countries have since been monitored through the EU's annual Rule of Law Cycle, on the same basis as in the other member states.
Background
Common practice in the EU is that during accession negotiations there are agreed some temporary transitional periods after accession of new states for derogation of application for specific parts of the acquis communautaire, because of difficulties either for the new member state (like environmental regulations for large combustion plants) or for the old member states (like free movement of workers). Such temporary transitional periods in regard to particular member states are also implemented when various new pieces of EU legislation are adopted (or in a new treaty adoption or amendment).
In some cases the derogation is not temporary but permanent. Such derogations can be either major opt-outs in the European Union (formulated in a treaty) or minor derogations like the exemption of Sweden from the snus ban (formulated in EU legislation).
Both opt-outs and CVMs suspend the application of relevant provisions of EU law in regard to particular member states, but in contrast to opt-outs, which are established on the initiative of the states concerned, CVMs are established on the initiative of the commission.
Unlike temporary derogations, which automatically expire once the transitional period concludes, the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism (CVM) remains in force indefinitely. Its termination depends solely on a positive evaluation by the European Commission confirming that the established benchmarks have been satisfactorily met, as reflected in its regular monitoring reports.
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This entry incorporates text from “Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.