Constitution of Mongolia
national constitution
The Constitution of Mongolia was adopted on 13 January 1992, put into force on 12 February, with amendments made in 1999, 2000, 2019, 2022, and 2023. The constitution established a representative democracy in Mongolia, enshrining core functions of the government, including the separation of powers and election cycle, and guaranteeing human rights, including freedom of religion, travel, expression, and private property. The document was written after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, effectively dissolving the Mongolian People's Republic and ending the one-party rule.
It consists of a preamble followed by six chapters divided into seventy articles. It is heavily inspired by Western liberal democracies, evident in its protection of minority rights, freedom of expression and assembly, and multi-party parliamentary system.
Constitutional history
After the 1921 Revolution that overthrew the Buddhist theocratic khanate, the first codified constitution was introduced in 1924 with the creation of the Mongolian People's Republic.
A second constitution was adopted in June 1940 during the leadership of Premier Khorloogiin Choibalsan. The 1940 Constitution took the 1936 Soviet Constitution as its model. Elections were restricted—"enemies of the regime" could not vote—and indirect; lower bodies elected higher levels, but constitutional amendments after 1944 changed the system.
In 1951, the presidium of the MPR, the Little Khural, was abolished and its functions were transferred to the existing State Great Khural, which was renamed to the People's Great Khural.
“Constitution of Mongolia” enters the record as national constitution. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Constitution, Mongolia and national can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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The record creator and administrative purpose are central evidence, because official documentation reflects both action and institutional priorities. The source revision retrieved here is dated Nov 11, 2025. The linked authority identifier is Q528455. The first chronological checks are 1992, 1999, 2000 and 2019.
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This entry incorporates text from “Constitution of Mongolia” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.