Cohors III Aquitanorum equitata c.R.
Roman auxiliary cohort, part-mounted, based in Germania and Germania superior
Cohors tertia Aquitanorum equitata civium Romanorum ("3rd part-mounted Cohort of Aquitani Roman citizens") was a Roman auxiliary mixed infantry and cavalry regiment. It may have been originally raised in Gallia Aquitania in the reign of founder-emperor Augustus after the revolt of the Aquitani was suppressed in 26 BC. Alternatively, it may have been raised by emperor Claudius (r. 41–54) to replace regiments stationed in the newly annexed province of Britannia. Unlike most Gauls, the Aquitani were not Celtic-speaking but spoke Aquitanian, a now extinct non Indo-European language closely related to Basque.
The regiment first appears in the datable epigraphic record in Germania Superior (Pfalz-Alsace) in 74 AD. It remained based in Germania Superior and Sardinia. Its last datable attestation is an altar dedicated in 244–9. The regiment's inscriptions have been found at the following Roman forts: Echzell; Ardara (Sardinia; I cent. AD); Neckarburken; Obenburg; Oehringen (198); Osterburken (150, 223–35, 244–9); Stockstadt am Main; Wimpfen.
The name and origin of one praefectus (regimental commander) survives, P. Allius Proculus from the city of Rome. The names of one centurio (infantry officer) (c150) and three decuriones (cavalry officer, commander of a turma) survive, as do that of a custos armorum (weapons officer) and one medicus (chief medical officer) (198).
“Cohors III Aquitanorum equitata c.R.” enters the record as roman auxiliary cohort, part-mounted, based in Germania and Germania superior. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what Cohors, Aquitanorum and equitata can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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This entry incorporates text from “Cohors III Aquitanorum equitata c.R.” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.