Climate change and sexual and reproductive health and rights in Africa
Open-knowledge reference entry
Climate change is a global phenomenon with wide-ranging and profound impacts on various aspects of human life. Beyond its well-known environmental consequences, climate change significantly affects human health, including the realm of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHRs). Nowhere are these impacts more pronounced than in Africa, a continent that is particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to its socio-economic, geographic, and ecological factors. Understanding the intersection between climate change and SRHRs is crucial for developing holistic and effective strategies to address these interconnected challenges.
According to the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), climate change has a significant impact on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHRs) in Africa. The report states that barriers to the realization of SRHR inhibit progress toward gender equality and may impede climate action. At the same time, the impacts of climate change may negatively affect SRHR, for example, through interruptions in sexual and reproductive health services caused by extreme weather events.
The Impacts of Climate Change on SRHRs
Extreme weather events can reduce access to SRHR services, as such increase the rate of sexual risk behavior and lead to early sexual debut, higher prevalence of infectious diseases, and sexual abuse and exploitation Climate change can have negative impacts on maternal health and create conditions that result in increases in gender-based violence, including harmful practices such as child marriage. A study of 21 sub-Saharan African countries comprising nearly 300,000 respondents examining the impacts of long-term temperature increases on HIV found long periods of droughts were associated with increased HIV prevalence and other STI's. The study also showed that droughts were more likely to have impact on those people living in rural areas, younger age groups, and increased engagement in transactional sex The consequences of climate change are diverse, severe, and predicted to worsen over the coming years.
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