Epiretinal membrane
disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes. Sometimes, as a result of the immune system's response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).
PVD can cause minor damage to the retina, including exudates, inflammation, and leucocyte response. These cells can form a transparent layer gradually and, like all scar tissue, tighten to create tension on the retina, which may bulge and pucker, or even cause swelling or macular edema. Often this results in distortions of vision that are clearly visible as bowing and blurring when looking at lines on chart paper (or an Amsler grid) within the macular area, or within the central 1.0-degree of visual arc.
Usually, it occurs in one eye first and may cause binocular diplopia or double vision if the images from the two eyes differ significantly. The distortions can make objects look different in size (usually larger = macropsia), especially in the central portion of the visual field, creating a localized or field-dependent aniseikonia that cannot be fully corrected optically with glasses. A partial correction often considerably improves the binocular vision, though.
In the young (under 50 years of age), these cells occasionally break free and disintegrate on their own, but in most cases (over 60 years of age), the condition is permanent.
The underlying photoreceptor cells, rod cells, and cone cells are usually not damaged unless the membrane becomes quite thick and hard; so usually there is no macular degeneration.
This brief starts where responsible research should: with the source description of “Epiretinal membrane” as disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes. Everything that follows is an evidence route, not borrowed authority.
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This entry incorporates text from “Epiretinal membrane” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.