CSS-10 (aircraft)
Polish trainer aircraft
The CSS-10 was a single-engine two-seat Polish training aircraft of the 1940s. It was a low-wing monoplane with a fixed conventional landing gear. Two prototypes were built, flying in 1948 and 1949, but while a production series of 40 aircraft was planned, a reorganisation of the Polish aircraft industry meant that production did not occur.
Design and development
The German invasion of Poland at the start of the Second World War resulted in the destruction of Poland's aviation industry, and following the end of the war the Polish government decided to re-establish a national aviation industry. Two design bureaus were set up to design and develop prototypes, Lotnicze Warsztaty Doświadczalne (LWD) (Aircraft Experimental Workshops) at Łódź and the Centralne Studium Samolotów (C.S.S.) (Central Aircraft Study) based at Warsaw, with production to be carried out at a series of State Aircraft Factories (PZL). The C.S.S., led by Franciszek Misztal, who worked as a designer in the pre-war PZL, was tasked with the design of three types, the CSS-10, a single-engined primary trainer, an aerobatic trainer, the CSS-11 and a twin-engined feederliner, which was designated CSS-12.
Misztal's design team, which was assisted by students from the Wawelberg and Rotwand School of Engineering (now part of the Warsaw University of Technology) for whom it formed part of their diploma thesis, began work in Misztal's apartment before moving to a workshop at Warsaw Okęcie airport in the autumn of 1946. The design was completed in 1947 and the plans handed over to PZL Mielec for construction of two prototypes, the first of which, the CSS-10A was to be powered by a 65 hp (48 kW) Walter Mikron and was to be suitable for elementary training, while the second prototype, the CSS-10C, would have a more powerful (105 hp (78 kW)) Walter Minor 4-III engine and have greater aerobatic capabilities. A third version, the CSS-10B, was to have an enclosed cockpit, but this was unbuilt.
The CSS-10 was a low-wing cantilever monoplane of mixed wood and metal construction with a fixed conventional landing gear.
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