Cellular V2X
standard for V2X applications
Cellular V2X (C-V2X) is an umbrella term that comprises all 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardized vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technologies for connected and automated mobility. It includes both direct device-to-device communication via the sidelink interface (PC5) and network-based communication via cellular infrastructure (Uu). The direct communication mode, introduced with LTE-V2X and later extended by NR-V2X, serves as an alternative to IEEE 802.11p-based V2X technologies for short-range V2X communication.
C-V2X supports both direct communication between vehicles, vulnerable road users, and roadside units without network assistance (PC5), as well as network-based communication via cellular infrastructure (Uu). The direct communication mode typically operates in the 5.9 GHz band, which is designated for intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in many regions. Depending on deployment conditions, C-V2X can achieve communication ranges comparable to or exceeding those of DSRC.
C-V2X was developed within the 3GPP as a cellular-based approach to V2X communication. It has been promoted alongside existing V2X technologies such as IEEE 802.11p-based systems, with different regions and stakeholders pursuing different deployment strategies.
History
In 2014, 3GPP initiated study items to evaluate the applicability of existing cellular technologies to vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. This work led to the specification of LTE-based V2X (LTE-V2X) in 3GPP Release 14, which was finalized in 2017. 3GPP Release 15 introduced the first 5G New Radio (NR) specifications, enabling network-based V2X use cases, while Release 16 added support for 5G NR sidelink (PC5) communications to address direct V2V and V2I scenarios.
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This entry incorporates text from “Cellular V2X” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.