Buick straight-8 engine
motor vehicle engine
The Buick straight-8 engine (Fireball 8) was a straight-eight cylinder automobile engine produced from 1931 to 1953 by the Buick division of General Motors. It replaced the Buick Straight-6 engine across the board in all models on its debut.
Design
Unlike most other car makers at the time, Buick had been using a valve-in-head/OHV overhead valve reverse-flow cylinder head design or I-head since their inception and continued this practice in their straight-eight designs. The engine was sold in different displacements depending on the model of car and the year and was constructed upon two distinct (possibly more) block castings. The engine block in the smaller displacement versions internally resembled the 1937-53 inline Chevrolet 216, 235 & 261" straight six (the combustion chamber design was quite different), albeit with additional cylinders. The large block version (320 cid and 345 cid; used in large-chassis models such as the Roadmaster) was considerably heavier and this weight adversely affected vehicle performance and handling. In earlier years the engines used cast-in-place bearings that were then machined, which made engine rebuilding an expensive procedure, but after 1937 they began using drop-in bearings.
Initial compression ratio varied between 4.5:1 and 4.75:1 in different engines, with 77 bhp (57 kW), 90 bhp (67 kW) and 104 bhp (78 kW) for 221, 273 and 345 engines respectively; when the 320 engine was introduced, it produced 120 bhp (89 kW), increasing to 170 bhp (130 kW) later.
The last year for Buick's straight-eight was 1953, but only in the lower-cost Buick Special. All other lines using the same basic chassis received the new V8 322 cu in (5.3 L) Fireball.
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