Broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy
analytical chemistry technique
Broadband acoustic resonance dissolution spectroscopy (BARDS) is a technique in analytical chemistry. Developed in the late 2000s, it involves the analysis of the changes in sound frequency generated when a solute dissolves in a solvent, by harnessing the hot chocolate effect.
The technique is partly based on the solubility difference of gas in pure solvents and in solutions. The dissolution of a compound in a pure solvent results in the generation of gas bubbles in the solvent, due to the lowering of gas solubility in the resulting solution, as well as the introduction of gases with the solute. The presence of these gas bubbles increases the compressibility of the solution, thereby lowering the velocity of sound in the solution. This effect can be monitored by means of the frequency change of acoustic resonances that are mechanically produced in the solvent.
Principles of the BARDS response
Water is approximately 800 times more dense than air. However, air is approximately 15,000 times more compressible than water. The velocity of sound, υ, in a homogeneous liquid or gas is given by the following equation:
υ
=
1
K
ρ
{\displaystyle \upsilon ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {K\rho }}}}
where ρ is the mass density and K the compressibility of the gas or liquid. K is given as:
K
=
(
d
V
d
p
)
V
{\displaystyle K={\frac {\left({dV \over dp}\right)}{V}}}
where V is the volume of the medium, and dV is the volume decrease due to the pressure increase dp of the sound wave.
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