3-Hydroxypropionic acid
chemical compound
3-Hydroxypropionic acid is a carboxylic acid, specifically a beta hydroxy acid. It is an acidic viscous liquid with a pKa of 4.9. It is very soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and diethyl ether. Upon distillation, it dehydrates to form acrylic acid, and is occasionally called hydracrylic acid.
3-Hydroxypropionic acid is used in the industrial production of various chemicals such as acrylates.
Synthesis
3-Hydroxypropionic acid can be obtained by base-induced hydration of acrylic acid followed by reacidification. Another synthesis involves cyanation of ethylene chlorohydrin followed by hydrolysis of the resulting nitrile. Hydrolysis of propiolactone is yet another route. Propiolactone, the dehydrated derivative of 3-hydroxypropionic acid, is produced by reaction of ketene and formaldehyde.
3-Hydroxypropionic acid is listed as one of the "top" chemicals that could be produced from renewable resources.
“3-Hydroxypropionic acid” enters the record as chemical compound. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what 3-Hydroxypropionic, acid and chemical can confirm, complicate or overturn.
Why this record matters
“3-Hydroxypropionic acid” is worth following because a concise public description often conceals a longer documentary argument. Here, 3-Hydroxypropionic, acid and chemical provides the most credible route into that argument.
Datasets, specimens, observations and peer-reviewed methods provide the appropriate test for the technical claims summarized here. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 11, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q2823220. None of the 0 selected statements returned an explicit reference.
Current terminology should not be projected backward without checking the classification used when the underlying evidence was created. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
Check terminology, classification and the date of the cited evidence. Scientific names and technical consensus can change while older records retain historical value.
- Current terminology
- Classification context
- Finding cited technical literature
Primary datasets, specimen catalogues, standards bodies and the most recent peer-reviewed literature.
Three-step research path
- Establish the record: confirm the title “3-Hydroxypropionic acid”, its source revision and the description used here.
- Expand the search: follow 3-Hydroxypropionic acid primary sources, 3-Hydroxypropionic acid archive and 3-Hydroxypropionic research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
- Test the account: compare the strongest cited source with the responsible institution’s current record and note any disagreement.
Questions for further research
- Which source most directly establishes the central claim about “3-Hydroxypropionic acid”?
- Which observation, specimen, dataset or publication supports the account?
- Has classification or technical consensus changed since the cited source?
Search terms from this dossier
This entry incorporates text from “3-Hydroxypropionic acid” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.