Arminianism

Arminianism is a theological tradition within Protestantism that emerged in the early 17th century and is based on the ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his followers, known as the Remonstrants. Dutch Arminianism was one of the first structured responses to Calvinism doctrines, particularly their interpretation of predestination.

Central to Arminian theology is the belief that God extends prevenient grace to all people, thereby preparing them for regeneration. It also teaches that the grace that enables regeneration and ongoing sanctification can be resisted. The two main variants of Arminian thought are Classical Arminianism, principally associated with Arminius, and Wesleyan Arminianism, principally associated with John Wesley.

Many Protestant denominations have been influenced by Arminian views, notably the Baptists in the 17th century, the Methodists in the 18th century, and the Pentecostals in the 20th century.

History

Precursor movements and theological influences

Arminius's beliefs later referred to as Arminianism did not begin with him. Before the Reformation, groups like the Waldensians similarly affirmed individual freedom over any predetermined predestination. Anabaptist theologian Balthasar Hubmaier (1480–1528) also promoted much the same view as Arminius would, nearly a century later. The soteriological doctrines of Arminianism and Anabaptism are roughly equivalent.