Al-Faddayni
Umayyad anti-Abbasid rebel in 813
Sa'id ibn Khalid ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn Uthman ibn Affan al-Uthmani (Arabic: سعيد بن خالد بن محمد بن عبد الله بن عمرو بن عثمان بن عفان, fl. 813 CE), commonly known as al-Faddayni (الفديني), was a member of the Umayyad family who led a failed revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in the Hauran and Balqa (Transjordan) in 813, during the Fourth Muslim Civil War, in a bid to claim the caliphate. His revolt followed two other abortive revolts by Umayyad claimants to the caliphate in Damascus, those of Abu al-Umaytir al-Sufyani and Maslama ibn Ya'qub. In effect, al-Faddayni's rebellion was the last major attempt to resurrect the Umayyad Caliphate in Syria.
Background
Sa'id ibn Khalid ibn Muhammad ibn Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn Uthman was a descendant of Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656). His epithet 'al-Faddayni' derived from his establishment in al-Faddayn, an Umayyad aristocratic residence located within the modern town of al-Mafraq in the Hauran. An earlier member of his family, the eponymous Sa'id ibn Khalid ibn Amr ibn Uthman, owned the al-Faddayn estate during the reigns of the Umayyad caliphs Hisham (r. 724–743) and al-Walid II (r. 743–744), and the estate remained in the family's possession until al-Faddayni's time.
The daughter of the elder Sa'id ibn Khalid, Umm Uthman, was married to al-Faddayni's grandfather, Muhammad ibn Abdallah, better known as 'al-Dibaj'; Umm Uthman was previously married to Caliph Hisham. Al-Dibaj led frequent delegations from his hometown of Medina to the Umayyad caliphs, during which he was known to visit the desert estate of his cousin Sa'id ibn Khalid, who gifted him significant sums of money on each occasion. Although as descendants of Uthman they belonged to the Umayyad family, the line of Uthman was separate from the family's two ruling branches, the Sufyanids who ruled in 661–684 and the Marwanids who ruled in 684–750. The Umayyads were toppled in 750 and the Abbasid Caliphate was established.
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