ATF4
mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Activating transcription factor 4 (tax-responsive enhancer element B67), also known as ATF4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF4 gene.
Function
This gene encodes a transcription factor that was originally identified as a widely expressed mammalian DNA binding protein that could bind a tax-responsive enhancer element in the LTR of HTLV-1. The encoded protein was also isolated and characterized as the cAMP-response element binding protein 2 (CREB-2).
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of DNA-binding proteins that includes the AP-1 family of transcription factors, cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREBs) and CREB-like proteins. These transcription factors share a leucine zipper region that is involved in protein–protein interactions, located C-terminal to a stretch of basic amino acids that functions as a DNA-binding domain. Two alternative transcripts encoding the same protein have been described. Two pseudogenes are located on the X chromosome at q28 in a region containing a large inverted duplication.
ATF4 is an established effector of the Integrated Stress Response in animal cells, coupling the stress-induced phosphorylation of the α subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) to activation of downstream gene expression programs. Unique features of the ATF4 mRNA subordinate its translation to changing levels of phosphorylated eIF2α (as described below).
ATF4 transcription factor is also known to play role in osteoblast differentiation along with RUNX2 and osterix.
“ATF4” enters the record as mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens. Crown Archives preserves that source wording while asking what ATF4, mammalian and protein can confirm, complicate or overturn.
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This entry incorporates text from “ATF4” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.