July 31
day of the year
July 31 is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 153 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
398 – End of the Gildonic rebellion after Gildo's forces are defeated by forces loyal to Western Roman Emperor Honorius under Gildo's brother Mascezel and Gildo's subsequent death.
432 – Election of pope Sixtus III following the death of pope Celestine I four days prior.
768 – Antipope Constantine II is arrested by primicerius Christopher and Lombard troops sent to aid him by king Desiderius.
781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era).
1009 – Pope Sergius IV becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding Pope John XVIII.
1201 – Attempted usurpation by John Komnenos the Fat for the throne of Alexios III Angelos.
1423 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant: A Franco-Scottish army is defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
1451 – Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
1492 – All remaining Jews are expelled from Spain when the Alhambra Decree takes effect.
1498 – On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
Begin with the source’s own compact description: “July 31” is day of the year. The dossier treats that line as a proposition to test through July and year, not as a finished interpretation.
Why this record matters
The phrase “day of the year” supplies a clear boundary for inquiry. It also exposes the unanswered questions: who defined that boundary, when it became stable and which sources sit outside it.
Named sources, stable identifiers and responsible institutions provide the strongest route from overview to verifiable evidence. The source revision retrieved here is dated Aug 30, 2026. The linked authority identifier is Q2715. The first chronological checks are 1600, 1009, 1201 and 1423.
The absence of detail may reflect summary conventions rather than a lack of surviving documentation. The lead is largely declarative, so disagreement and counter-evidence require a deliberate search beyond the opening account. Authority statements aid reconciliation but still require their own references, qualifiers and ranks to be checked.
How to read it
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- Subject orientation
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Three-step research path
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- Expand the search: follow July 31 primary sources, July 31 archive and July research across catalogues and specialist indexes.
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Questions for further research
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This entry incorporates text from “July 31” on English Wikipedia. Contributors are listed in the page history. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Selected authority identifiers and statements are retrieved from Wikidata under CC0; their references and qualifiers remain part of the verification path.